Nestled atop a hill overlooking the Tagus River, Toledo is a city that feels like stepping into a living history book. Known as the "City of Three Cultures", Toledo seamlessly blends Christian, Muslim, and Jewish influences, making it a treasure trove for history buffs, art enthusiasts, and anyone who loves wandering through winding, cobblestone streets where every corner tells a story.
History of Toledo:
Successively a Roman municipality, the capital of the Visigothic Kingdom, a fortress of the Emirate of Cordoba, an outpost of the Christian kingdoms fighting the Moors and, in the 16th century, the temporary seat of supreme power under Charles V, Toledo is the repository of more than 2,000 years of history. Christian, Muslim and Jewish communities peacefully co-existed during the Middle Ages creating an intesting tapestry of architecture and culture giving Toledo the name of the "City of Three Cultures".
Toledo was the original capital of the Spanish empire until 1560 when Philliip II of Spain chose to move the capital of Spain to Madrid, where it remains today. Toledo is still the capital of the province of Toledo and the autonomous community of Castille-La Mancha. The entire city of Toledo was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986 for its extensive monumental and cultural heritage.
Sights of Toledo:
Toledo is a joy to explore! Follow the winding cobblestone streets through the city and discover something interesting around every corner. You can shop, grab something to eat or learn about the interesting history of the city.
Historic Gates and Bridges:
The first sight you will notice when you visit Toledo is the historic walls, gates and bridges that fortified the city for thousands of years. Each gate and bridge has its own story, so if you have the time it is worth following a map to check out each one and learn the history. Here is a link to a site that allows you to do a self-guided tour of all of Toledo's historic gates and bridges. We didn't have time to do a full tour, but we did walk over and through a couple of the historic bridges and gates as we entered the city center of Toledo.
Plaza de Zocodover:
One of the main plazas in the city, Plaza de Zocodover is a wide open square surrounded by historic buildings, places to eat and shops to pick up a souvenir. It is a great central meeting spot if you choose to venture off on your own to explore the city. (And if you are craving some good ol' American cuisine you can find McDonalds and Burger King here. Kind of ruins the ambiance, but if you need a fix of greasy fries, this is the spot!)
Toledo Cathedral:
We did not have time to take a tour of the inside of the Toledo Cathedral which is one of the holiest churches in Spain. Apparently there is much to see inside the Cathedral including a "jawdropping" alterpiece (Rick Steves' words) and several art pieces from the Old Masters including Velázquez, Goya and, of course, El Greco who resided in Toledo. The outside of the Cathedral is breathtaking and deserves some moments of reflection to see all of the intricate carvings on the building. If you look closely, you can see a replication of the Last Supper over the doorway to the Cathedral.
Toledo City Hall:
Across the plaza from the Toledo Cathedral is the Toledo City Hall. Not only is it a beautiful building, it provides a great platform to capture an amazing photo of the Toledo Cathedral in all of its' glory (see above).
The Jewish Quarter and the Synagoga de Santa MarÃa la Blanca:
As noted above, one of the unique things about Toledo's history is the co-existence of Christian, Muslim and Jewish communities within the walled city. While all three religious communities were not required to live in specific parts of the city, they did seem to congregate together in certain areas. Evidence of the Jewish section of the city can still be seen if you look closely while walking around. In the area of Toledo known as the Jewish Quarter, you can spy small, blue tiles affixed to walls at corners where streets meet. A picture of one of these tiles is shown above. It is interesting to look for these markers once you become aware of them.
Located within the Jewish Quarter is the Synagoga de Santa MarÃa la Blanca. It is one of the oldest synagogue still standing in Europe. It is of Mudéjar construction, built by Moorish architects for non-Islamic purposes. It has a storied history with a lot of twists and turns. The Synagoga was converted to a Catholic church in the early 15th century following a period of anti-Jewish sentiment. It was subsequently used as a military barracks, a warehouse and a dance hall, until it was declared a national memorial site and restored in 1856. Today it serves as a museum and tourist attraction to reflect the history of Judiasm in Spain.
Church of Santo Tomé:
The Church of Santo Tomé sits in the historical city center of Toledo. The Church dates back to the 12th Century, but was entirely rebuilt in the 14th Century when the distinctive Mudéjar-style tower was added. The Church houses El Greco's most famous masterpiece, "The Burial of the Count of Orgaz", which hangs in a special room that can be accessed by a special entrance off of Plaza del Conde.
How to Get to Toledo:
We took a tour bus to Toledo, but if you are not on an organized trip, you can still get to Toledo easily if you are visiting Madrid, the current capital of Spain. If you have a car, it is about an hour's drive. The fastest way to get to Toledo from Madrid is to take a train. Trains depart about every hour and is just a 30-minute train ride. The Toledo train station is outside of the historic city center, but you can take a bus or taxi into the city (or it is about a 25 minute walk). There is so much history to see in Toledo it is definitely worth taking a day trip from Madrid however you wish to get there!
Final Thoughts:
Toledo is more than just a city; it's a journey through Spain's rich history and culture. Whether you are marveling at Gothic cathedrals, wandering through moorish synagogues or getting lost wandering the labyrinthne streets, Toledo has surprises for you around every corner.
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